Chapter 1: • Description – conditioning center • Bokanovsky’s Process • Podsnap’s Technique • Decanting Process • Introduction – Lenina Chapter 2: • Experiment – Infants • Hypnopedia • Conditioning of social hierarchy (colors they wear, work done) Chapter 3: • Description of the game centrifugal bumble puppy • First…
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Frigid Zone Frigid Zone – The earth’s surface is divided into five zones, namely, the South Frigid Zone, the North Frigid Zone, the South Temperate Zone, the North Temperate Zone, and the Torrid Zone. Different kinds of climates are experienced in different regions across the world due to the various…
About the Author Aldous Huxley was born in England on July 26, 1894 to a family that was well known in literary and scientific circles. Aldous Huxley’s grandfather was an associate of Charles Darwin and his mother was related to the poet, Matthew Arnold. When Aldous Huxley was a boy…
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Author Background Anne Moody was born in 1940, smack in the middle of WWII. Her parents broke up when she was only about 5 or 6. Though she grew up in a household where her mother did not encourage any questions about segregation or civil rights, from her school days,…
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Author background Chris Crutcher is a writer of young adult fiction who tackles the themes of physical disability and loss of identity. Most of his heroes are young adults who excel in sports but through an accident lose their physical prowess. Their role in life changes suddenly changes and they…
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Author Background Olive Ann Burns was born in Georgia. After graduating from the University of North Carolina, she worked on the staff of Atlanta Journal, authoring an advice column “Ask Amy” which was very popular among readers. It was the discovery that she has cancer that spurred her to write…
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Author Background Leslie Marmon Silko is America’s leading Native American writer. Though she was of a mixed White American and Native Indian ancestry, she identified herself with the Laguna heritage. She grew up in a house at the edge of the Laguna Pueblo reservation. As her parents had jobs in…
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Author Background Louis de Bernieres is a British novelist who shot to fame with his fourth book namely, Captain Corelli’s Mandolin. It won several awards and was later made into a film that was much talked about. While many saw it as a simple war-time romance, local people and those…
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Author background Henry Roth was born in what is now called Ukraine but moved to the US in 1908. Much of his early life was spent in the Jewish ghettos of New York. Call it Sleep was published in 1934 when it received mixed reviews. For the next sixty years,…
Author Background This author, also called William Lewis Trogdon, was part Native American and part Euro-American in lineage. This book chronicles a 13,000 mile long journey the author undertook in 1978 when struck by personal tragedy; his wife left him and he lost his job on the same day. The…
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Rudolfo Anaya was born in New Mexico into a large family. The family moved towns several times. Like Antonio, the protagonist of Bless Me, Ultima, Rudolfo was influenced by strong pagan and Catholic beliefs. The real life swimming accident which left him temporarily paralyzed is reflected in the death of…
Author Background Charles Dickens spent a tortured childhood with his spendthrift father ruining the family finances and moving the entire family to the debtors’ prison. When Dickens was only twelve, his mother sent him out to work in a blacking factory. This episode left an indelible mark on his mind….
Author Background John Griffin was born in 1920 in Texas. It was when he travelled to France as a high school student that he became aware that discrimination against the blacks was not common in Europe. This realization about the prejudices that he carried within himself as a result of…
Author Background Dai Sijie was born in 1954 in Sichuan, China and when 17, was sent to a remote part of China for re-education during the Cultural Revolution spearheaded by Mao. His parents were well known professors in medicine. Millions of youngsters like Dai Sijie were sent to underdeveloped parts…
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Author Background Sinclair Lewis was born in 1885 in Minnesota. He was a lonely and withdrawn child who lost his mother when he was only 6. He went to Yale where he wrote for the University magazine. For many years, he drifted, holding odd jobs. Fame came to him with…
Author Background William Faulkner was born in Mississippi in 1897. He was a Modernist and like the rest of Modernists, his writing and its style were responses to the fast occurring changes and technical innovations that marked the twentieth century. He experimented with language and format. In As I Lay…
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Annie John – Jamaica Kincaid Author Background Annie John is a novel which has autobiographical overtones by Jamaica Kincaid. It is about a young girl who is very close to her mother. But as she grows up, distance grows between them. At seventeen, the young woman leaves home to travel…
Anna Karenina – Leo Tolstoy Author Background Leo Tolstoy who was a Russian nobleman is considered a master of realism. Many writers and critics have called Anna Karenina the perfect novel. Though in his youth Tolstoy was a dissolute privileged young man, in later life he turns towards extreme spiritualism…
Animal dreams – Barbara Kingsolver Author Background Barbara Kingsolver was born in Maryland but spent her early childhood in Kentucky where her father was a doctor ministering to the rural poor. Later they moved to Africa for a while where too her father worked among Africans who lived in deprived…
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America Is In The Heart – Carlos Bulosan Author Background America Is In The Heart – Carlos Bulosan – Carlos Bulosan was born in the Philippines in 1913 to poor farmer parents who struggled to feed their family. Even when he was just five, he worked in the farm. When…
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Author Background Erich Remarque was drafted into the German army in 1916 when he was eighteen. Germany was then fighting the First World War. He was wounded during the war. Later when the war was over, he decided to tell the public how dehumanizing war was. Shorn of all associations…
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Author Background Betty Smith shared many common things with her heroine, Francie Nolan. Both of them were born to impoverished parents who lived in Brooklyn. Though there was no money in the house, they have plenty of love to go around. Betty went to university after the birth of her…
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Analysis of ‘A River Runs Through It’, by Norman Maclean Author Background Norman Maclean was born in Iowa but moved to Missoula, Montana. He worked as a fire fighter, fisherman, logger and later as a teacher of English. He came to writing rather late in life but his only book…
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Analysis of ‘A Prayer for Owen Meany’, by John Irving Author Background John Irving grew up in Philips Exeter Academy as the stepson of a faculty member. He did not meet his biological father even once in life though he used to attend John’s boxing matches. Though dyslexic, Irving was…
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Analysis of ‘A Painted House’, by John Grisham: Author Background John Grisham, a writer of popular fiction that topped bestseller charts regularly, was born in Arkansas. There was never much money in the family because of which they moved about quite a lot looking for work and better opportunities. His…
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Analysis of ‘A Lesson Before Dying’, by Ernest J. Gaines: Author background Ernest J. Gaines was born into the fifth generation of a sharecropper family. Though born several generations after the abolition of slavery, he grew up in highly deprived conditions. His initial education came in a church when a…
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Author background Ernest J. Gaines was born into the fifth generation of a sharecropper family. Though born several generations after the abolition of slavery, he grew up in highly deprived conditions. His initial education came in a church when a visiting teacher came for the months when there was no…
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Author Background Writing under the pen name George Orwell, Eric Blair was a British political novelist and essayist whose pointed criticism of totalitarian governments and British colonial ambitions made him one of the most important chroniclers of his times. He is best known for his dystopian novel, 1984 and the…
The Animal Farm – George Orwell Background Writing under the pen name George Orwell, Eric Blair was a British political novelist and essayist whose pointed criticism of totalitarian governments and British colonial ambitions made him one of the most important chroniclers of his times. He is best known for his…
Analysis of ‘An American Tragedy’ by Theodore Dreiser Author Background Analysis of ‘An American Tragedy’ by Theodore Dreiser – Theodore Dreiser was born in Indiana as the twelfth of thirteen children to a couple of partly German descent. He worked for some time as a journalist. He married in 1898…
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